Democracy in America

Tocqueville argues that American society is dynamic but that “all the changes are similar”; nearly all are driven by changes in economic and financial situations. Money is the main source of distinction remaining to democratic peoples. This is enhanced by so many pursuing industrial careers, where the path to success is similar. Tocqueville argues that this convergence is a global phenomenon and people in general are becoming more alike.

Like definitions of manners, Tocqueville argues that concepts of honor, or “the aid of which a people or a class distributes blame or praise” (590), depends on social context and social structure. Tocqueville asserts, “that one attached honor or shame to the actions of a man according to his condition—that resulted from the very constitution of an aristocratic society” (590). Aristocratic societies thus valued behavior that “combined with love of power” like battle campaigns (591). Honor in politics was synonymous with loyalty to one’s social superiors, especially local lords; patriotism focused on people rather than nations.

American honor, in contrast, is tied to the country’s economic system and appreciation for commerce. Tocqueville argues, “peaceful virtues that tend to give a regular pace to the social body and to favor trade must therefore be specially honored among this people” (594).